Qur'an: Gentleness

So it is through Mercy from God that you were gentle to them.

Had you been rough and hard-hearted,

they would have surely dispersed from around you.

So pardon them, seek forgiveness for them,

and consult them in the matter.

And once you have taken a decision,

place your trust in God.

Surely, God loves those who place their trust in Him.

(Al-Qur'an, Surah Aal Imran, Verse 159)

Umar: Spiritual well-being

"Pay a great deal of attention to your heart.

Talk to your troops, exhort them

and remind them of the importance of good intentions

and of checking on themselves.

Patience, patience.

For the help of God comes

in accordance with how much one checks himself.

Ask God to keep you safe and sound,

and frequently repeat the words:

'There is no power and no strength except with God.'

Fear God and put your hope in Him,

and do not take anything for granted..."

(Snippets of Umar ibn al-Khattab's advice to Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas [may God be pleased with them both] when he appointed him commander over the Muslim army in Iraq)

Umar's advice to the judges

Here's a summary of some timeless advice prepared by Umar (God be pleased with him) for his judges. It's taken from Dr Ali Muhammad as-Sallabi's book about the life and times of Umar Ibn al-Khattaab. A small example of the fruit of the faith which the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) planted in his heart!..

Try to understand when cases are presented to you,

for there is no use in a person presenting a case if it is not understood.

Treat people equally when you address them

so that no noble man will hope for your unfair siding with him

and no weak man will despair of your justice.

Be gentle with the weak one

so that he will have the courage to speak.

The burden of proof rests with the plaintiff,

the oath is required of the defendant,

and judgement must be based on evidence and oaths.

Strive to bring about reconciliation,

unless it becomes clear to you who is in the right and who is in the wrong.

If you passed a judgement yesterday

then examined it further and are guided to a different conclusion,

let it not prevent you from returning to the truth.

And returning to the truth is better than persisting with falsehood.

Abu Bakr's advice

I found a most comprehensive, concise and compelling advice in Shaykh Muhammad Al-Khudari Bak Al-Bajuri's The History of the Four Caliphs (translated by Turath Publishing). No joke: The book is worth buying for this one page alone! It is the counsel of Abu Bakr (God's pleasure be upon him) at the time of appointing one of his men to a position of leadership. I've pulled out only some bits of the advice and, even that, I've re-worded in parts. Buy the book for the complete, original translation of this counselling masterpiece!

Be conscious of God,
for surely your inner self is apparent to Him as is your outer.

Know that the most eminent in God's sight
is he who entrusts his affairs to Him the most.

And the closest to God
is he who desires most to gain proximity to Him.

When you go to your men,
be a good companion to them.

And be good to them from the outset,
promising them that you will be of benefit.

When you lecture, be concise,
for much of a long speech is forgotten.

And set yourself right,
for your people will set themselves right in tow.

When the time for prayer comes,
pray, humbly, with perfection in bowing and prostrating.

And when you seek counsel, speak the truth,
so that you are given an honest response.

Do not conceal anything from your advisor,
saying all that you have to say.

Nor spy on your people,
for you will humiliate them.

Nor examine your men's secrets,
sufficing instead with what is outwardly observable.

Nor sit in the company of the idle,
choosing instead the company of the truthful and loyal.

When you meet the enemy, stand firm,
showing no cowardice, or your people will become cowardly.

And when you deal with the spoils, avoid all deception,
for it will bring on poverty and drive away victory.